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5月25日聊天室 

央視國際 (2005年05月26日 10:34)

  聊天室--鯨

  趙: 兩位見過的世界上最大的動物是什麼嗎?

  田: 我見過最大的是大象

  大: 我見過海洋館裏的鯊魚

  趙: 那你們見到的都不是最大的動物。

  大: 我知道了,你説的世界上最大的動物是鯨魚。

  趙: 沒錯,你看就是這個。今天我們要談的話題就是鯨魚,whale,首先來看下今日看點。

  體型巨大的藍鯨,性情溫順的露脊鯨,引喉高歌的駝背鯨,機智善良的海豚,聰穎兇猛的虎鯨,在今天的節目中我們將與你一同走進鯨魚的世界,感受鯨魚的無窮魅力,體味它們的喜怒哀樂。

  本期關鍵詞:whale 鯨

  趙:提到鯨魚,首先要提到它的大,比如世界上最大的動物──藍鯨。在講藍鯨之前呢,我想先問問David老師,“大”都能用什麼詞來形容?

  大:如何表達“大”

  great (a great mountain一座大山 )

  big (a big cheese 要人)

  colossal 巨大的尺寸、範圍或程度使人敬畏;無限的 ( a colossal monument

  巨大的紀念碑)

  enormous (an enormous plate of food 很大的一盤食物)

  gigantic bulky 大的, 容量大的, 體積大的(a bulky sweater 寬大的毛線衣)

  giant ( a giant wave 巨大的波浪; a giant impact 巨大的衝擊力 )

  huge (an huge elephant 大象)

  tremendous (a tremendous explosion 巨大的爆炸)

  趙:學習了這麼多大的説法,那麼今天我們的主角鯨魚到底有多大呢,下面有一個小片,讓你們一目了然。

  比較鯨魚大小的小片

  大:真是難以置信啊。藍鯨的大動脈裏可以爬進一個小孩,它的心臟就跟一輛小轎車那麼大。

  田:是啊,最小的海豚只相當於藍鯨的尾鰭那麼大。

  趙:怎麼樣,沒想到吧。更多不可思議的還在後面呢。接下來大家將看到世界上最大的動物藍鯨,請屏住呼吸,睜大眼睛。

  最大的鯨魚──藍鯨

  More than a hundred feet long and weighing a hundred tons, the blue whale is the largest animal ever to live on the earth, surpassing any dinosaur.

  Yet as large and loud as they are , blue whales are among the most elusive of all creatures.

  趙:看來藍鯨比恐龍還要大,真是偉大的生物。

  surpassing , the most elusive of all creatures

  領略過了最大的鯨魚,再來看看鯨魚家族中的袖珍一族──海豚

  田:啊?海豚也算是鯨魚嗎?

  趙:沒想到吧,從分類上來講,海豚屬於鯨類中的齒鯨。我想觀眾朋友們一定想看看海豚在大海中游蕩的情景吧,一起來看一下。

  toothed whale 齒鯨和 toothless whale 須鯨

  immersed 沉入的,沉思的

  最小的鯨魚──海豚

  Though many people are unaware of it , dolphins, along with porpoises, are actually toothed whales, the smallest of some 75 whale species in the world.

  18’00” Most whales, like the humpbacks, have to be sought out, but dolphins often come to us.

  Dolphins spend their lives immersed in a sea of sound.

  They use whistles to keep in touch and rapid clicks to examine their world through echolocation.

  趙:正如片中所説,海豚一直被視為人類最親近的朋友,它們很友善很聰明,並經常給人以幫助。

  田:海豚很聰明,它們對人有莫名的親近感。古時候有些船隻在迷失航向的時候,是海豚把人們引領到了陸地上。

  趙:還有現在用的雷達都是從海豚身上學來的。然而人類卻在有意無意中傷害了海豚,接下來我們要看到的就是一隻叫巴拿馬的海豚的故事。

  巴拿馬的故事

  Hi, I’m Panama, a lovely dolphin. Like my friends, I used to swim happily in the sea. However, when I was captured by human beings, my joyful days came to an end. I was locked in a small cage and forced to perform repeatedly to amuse spectators. For 17years, I was locked in that cage without any opportunity to swim in the sea, which is my real home. I couldn’t bear it any more. So finally one day I escaped from the cage and swam back to my home----the colossal blue ocean. Luckily, I was received by a dolphin tribe. And now, my job is to take care of the other little dolphins in our tribe.

  趙:片子中我們看了海豚捕食小魚的場面,可你們知道像巨鯨這種動物以什麼為食物嗎?

  大:我知道須鯨吃磷蝦krill和小魚small fish

  趙:正確,那你知道它們是怎麼吃磷蝦的嗎?

  大:不知道,一邊遊一邊張著大嘴吧。

  趙:你説的是一種方法,但接下來大家要看到的捕食方法可能你們想都沒想過。

  blue Humpbacks的氣泡撒網

  1.須鯨的氣泡撒網

  Humpbacks的氣泡撒網

  田:真的太壯觀了!以後我一定要親眼目睹。

  大:Humpbacks駝背鯨的遊速能達到20海裏/時,每年它們遷移兩次,四月從南極洲出發,每天遊300公里,然後稍微停一下。六七月份到達馬達加斯加島等溫暖的海域,在那兒交配繁殖。

  2.食物鏈

  田:我有一個疑問,像這麼大的鯨魚怎麼只吃小魚和磷蝦?另外它們有天敵嗎?

  趙:這就不得不先講一下食物鏈。food chain,food cycle

  小魚吃浮游生物,大魚吃小魚,鯊魚、虎鯨吃大魚,鯊魚、鯨魚死後變成腐屍沉到海底被食腐魚類食用並滋生出浮游生物,如此循環。自然中的食物鏈已經延續了幾千萬年。

  大:但我要補充一下,如果食物鏈中的鯨魚半年沒有磷蝦和浮游生物吃的話也沒關係。

  田:啊?為什麼?它們不就會餓肚子嗎?

  大:讓我來告訴你其中的奧妙,因為鯨魚是有名的節食高手。在它們離開捕食區遊往哺育區的大半年中它們將什麼都不吃,體重將比出發時少三分之一。你們要不相信,看看下面的短片吧。

  3.節食高手

  A blue often drives krill to the surface, then lunges to engulf them, clamping its huge mouth shut like a trap while on its side.

  Comb-like filters in its mouth, called baleen act like sieves, capturing the krill as the water drains away.

  The whale simply swallows the meal that’s left.-----the ocean of plankton, larval fish and tiny shrimp called krill collectively the greatest mass of protein in the entire world.

  But the great baleen or toothless whales─also filter feeders─must find greater concentrations of it elsewhere or they’ll starve.

  The great whales’ search for food can force them to journey across an entire ocean.

  Masters of starvation, they can survive on their blubber while they wait for the plankton swarms to reappear.

  the rarely seen blue whale

  趙:你們能堅持幾天不吃飯?

  田:兩天吧

  大:三天吧

  趙:現在有人能四十多天不吃飯只喝水,並載入吉尼斯世界紀錄。但跟我們片中的節食高手比起來真是小巫見大巫啊。

  鯨魚不為人知的一面:

  1.智慧與兇殘並舉的虎鯨

  趙:歡迎回來。我想人們對鯨魚著迷很大程度上是由於它們的神秘,今天我們就將帶大家一起去探索這些神秘的海洋霸主。首先是處在海洋食物鏈最頂端的虎鯨。

  田:提到虎鯨,令我想起了在海洋館看到的虎鯨表演,非常精彩。

  虎鯨在訓練員的指揮下能做出各種高難度的動作,如作揖鼓掌,把馴獸員從水中頂起等。

  趙:我記得曾經看過一部電影叫《鯨魚威利》,裏面的主角虎鯨Willy和人類建立起了親密的感情,情節十分感人。接下來大家將看到的也是一隻叫Willy的虎鯨,但此Willy非彼Willy,一起來聽聽它有什麼話要跟大家説吧。

  I’m Willy,a killer whale. People usually call me “Lord of the Sea”. Look at me, see how beautiful I am! But don’t think for a minute that I’m a weakling. Actually, we killer whales are at the top of the food chain, and we can easily gulp down most other sea animals. Look at this sea lion. It will certainly be my next meal. When I feel excited, I will jump out above the ocean surface or sing in a low voice beneath the surface. Although we are good at swimming, we are always in fear of being captured by human beings, because a great number of my whale friends have been caught and locked in cages. Every day, they are forced to perform in boring routines for human audiences. They are so miserable!

  2. 動聽的鯨之歌

  趙:歡迎回來。剛才看過了虎鯨,現在來看看另一種同樣神奇的鯨魚駝背鯨。

  大:我聽説在1960年代生物學家發現駝背鯨會唱歌,而且歌聲會傳到幾千英里之外的地方。

  田:我也聽説過,而且它們用歌聲交流,傳達愛意。有趣的是,駝背鯨在水中一唱就是二十四個小時。而且不只駝背鯨,還有很多鯨魚都是天生的歌手,像抹香鯨就會不停地發出咔噠咔噠的尾聲,海豚的叫聲大家就更熟悉了。。

  趙:你們説了這麼多,不如讓我們來豎起耳朵聽聽吧。

  We do know that only the males sing. It seems to be done to attract females and to challenge other males.

  Like human singers, humpbacks often employ rhymes apparently to help them remember complex songs.

  Suspended head down and motionless, they sometimes sing for hours at a time.

  The songs are shatteringly loud.

  Like humans, whales are air breathers.

  They may be assisted by the calls of distant whales beacons to guide them through the deep.

  3.母與子

  趙:當然歌聲也是母鯨與孩子之間交流的工具。在大海中,最牢固的群體關係莫過於母鯨與子鯨。

  大:因為離開母鯨,幼鯨在大海中不可能獨自生存。

  田:我聽説在駝背鯨的幼鯨出生後的半年中它將只以富含50%的蛋白質的母乳為食,基本不吃別的東西。等巡遊到捕食區才平時享用第一頓美味的磷蝦大餐。

  趙:生物學家黛比 讓我們來看看Misty與它的孩子Echo的故事吧。

  Misty和Echo的短片

  Young calves are often playful swimming right up to get a closer look at me. But their mothers are always nearby. Humpback mothers are pregnant for about a year. They give birth to a singer calf that weights two to three tons. While the baby is nursing, it’s thought to gain about a hundred pounds a day in the first few weeks. Like humans, whales are air breathers. When Echo was born, her mother most likely pushed her to the surface for her first breath of air.

  A mischievous calf (幼鯨)will sometimes drape its body over its mother’s blowhole so she can’t breathe.

  反思與拯救

  瀕臨滅絕的露脊鯨

  趙:歡迎回來。看了這麼多鯨的故事,不知大家有什麼樣的感受。眾所週知,鯨魚中的很多種早已屬於瀕危動物。

  田:對,尤其是大西洋中的露脊鯨,更是被撲殺到只剩下兩三千頭。

  趙:接下來的片子就將向大家講述露脊鯨的現狀。

  Once found along the coast of every continent the right whale was hunted to the edge of extinction.

  On average, right whales give birth to one calf every three years.

  Fewer than ten white calves are ever alive on the planet at the same time.

  Tail slapping and breaching serve many purposes.

  16’57”Eye to eye across the gulf between species.

  趙:Eye to eye across the gulf between species. 不同種族,眼神相匯。

  真的説得非常好。現在的人們已經開始試著通過與鯨魚共有的方式同鯨魚“對話”。以前靠捕鯨為生的人們現在大都該行經營期鯨魚觀光業。

  像藍鯨一樣,露脊鯨是現今地球上最瀕危的鯨魚種類。

  大:沒錯,海洋學家曾告誡,有些鯨魚如果再不加以有效的保護,就會在未來五十年中徹底從這個星球上絕滅。

  田:那我們就再也聽不到露脊鯨和抹香鯨動聽的歌聲了。

  田:北極露脊景鯨每三年才産一胎,懷胎長達一年,而幼鯨成活的幾率又不高,要受到很多條件的制約。如果哺育中的母鯨出了意外,那後果更為嚴重。

  大:我還記得1992年一頭叫德里拉的母鯨在海灣哺育幼鯨時被一條漁船撞傷後死亡,它多年來一直是研究者的好朋友。現在它的遺骨被放在加拿大的一家博物館中。

  和鯨魚有關的英語表達

  a whale of a time 玩得痛快

  a whale of a story 誇張的事情,吹牛皮

責編:蘭華  來源:CCTV.com

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