WHO: Avian influenza still a threat

MANILA, March 24 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) warned on Wednesday that newly confirmed human and poultry cases of avian influenza this year are a reminder that the virus poses a real and continuous threat to human health.

So far this year, 21 human cases of H5N1, including seven deaths, have been reported, and 16 of those were in Egypt ( including five deaths), four in Vietnam (including one death), and one in Indonesia (who died), WHO said here in a news release.

It said Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Israel, Myanmar, Nepal and Vietnam have all reported outbreaks of the disease in poultry or wild bird flocks, highlighting the fact that people often are falling sick and dying in the same areas that the virus is persistently present in the environment. H5N1 is considered endemic in Egypt and parts of Southeast Asia.

The presence of H5N1 in poultry poses a health risk in two ways. First, it places those in direct contact with birds usually rural folk and farm workers at risk of catching the often-fatal disease. Second, the virus could undergo a process of "reassortment" with another influenza virus and produce a completely new strain.

"There is a constant risk that the H5N1 virus will combine with another strain of influenza," said Dr Takeshi Kasai, Regional Adviser for Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response.

"The influenza virus is unpredictable; in areas where H5N1 is endemic, WHO and its partners are working to build surveillance systems to identify changes in the behavior of the virus, raising awareness about the risks and protective measures, and building skills and capacity to respond to outbreaks quickly."

People are at risk of contracting H5N1 when handling, transporting, slaughtering, or processing infected poultry, or by coming into contact with infected poultry faeces. People are also at risk if they eat raw or undercooked infected poultry or poultry products, including infected eggs.

Worldwide, human cases peaked at 115 (and 79 deaths) in 2006 and have generally declined since then, with 73 human cases (and 32 deaths) reported last year. The case fatality rate for reported human cases of H5N1 is around 59 percent, WHO said.