在德國世界盃上，裁判們的表現不是那麼盡如人意。國際足聯布拉特向《每日電訊報》透露了2010年世界盃上可能實施的三條措施，他們將有助於提高球場上的效率和準確性。
其一，是實行雙裁判制。國際足聯曾在世界各地試行過這一舉措。在馬來西亞和巴西的聖保羅得到了很好的反饋，而在挪威和意大利的反響則不令人滿意。意大利著名裁判克裏納也反對説：“這一做法不起作用，球場上只能有一個裁判。”
其二是採用含電子芯片的足球。這一點上，布拉特表示國際足聯即將與阿迪達斯就合作達成協定。他們將在07年的U17和U20錦標賽上試驗使用該種足球。
最後一條舉措是將在復賽中對黃牌採取赦免。這很吸引布拉特。它將避免有球員因為在淘汰賽階段因為累計2張黃牌而錯過決賽。
此三項決議都將在隨後蘇黎世的國際足聯秋季大會上討論以決定是否通過。
鏈結 http://wc2006.telegraph.co.uk/Document.aspx?id=4306EFFA-858C-4671-8A29-06E93466EE76
原文
Double vision: referees Roberto Rosetti and Gianluca Paparesta take charge of the Sampdoria v Bologna game in 1999
Referees have been less than perfect in Germany. Sepp Blatter, president of Fifa, has revealed three measures to The Daily Telegraph that could improve their efficiency at World Cup 2010 in South Africa.
These will be discussed at the International Board autumn meeting in Zurich. The most revolutionary is the possible introduction of the two-referee system, previously tested by Fifa but rejected by Pierluigi Collina, Italy's celebrity referee.
The others are use of balls containing electronic chips, to determine goal or no-goal, and an amnesty on yellow cards following the quarter-finals.
In an interview ranging across referees' performances in Germany, Blatter also expressed the intention to adjust the demands on referees, increasing relaxation time to reduce the emotional intensity.
Some 10 years ago, I discussed with Blatter the two-referee system, first piloted by the British Army FA in the Fifties. "At the beginning, there was a reluctance to consider the system," says Blatter, who was enthusiastic. "Then we had tests conducted in Malaysia and Sao Paulo, Brazil, with encouraging results, but an unsatisfactory reaction in Norway and Italy.
"The response of Mr Collina, and others, was that it did not work, that 'there can only be one man'. But now we are facing a situation in the game where the pace is such that we must ask if there should be a further experiment.
"We observe the situation in ice hockey, for instance, with two referees and two assistants on a much smaller arena and they have no [personality] clashes with the players because they know the game."
On the electronic chip, Blatter considers this the only reliable technological method, as an electronic beam-detector system is vulnerable to the beam being obscured by limbs.
"We are near to reaching a conclusion in collaboration with the Cairos-Adidas company," he says. "This is the solution. We will experiment with the ball in next year's Fifa youth championships, the under-17 in Korea and under-20 in Canada. Tests were carried out in Italy with the beam, but evidence showed it could be cut.
"The only trial with a ball embracing a chip was last year in Peru. It worked, but not with sufficient evidence for the international board to adopt it."
The idea of a yellow card amnesty following the quarter-finals appeals to Blatter. This would protect the gifted player with one yellow from the second round or quarter-final who then receives another in the semi-final - possibly for one rash moment - and thus misses the final, as Michael Ballack did in 2002. At present, single yellows are expunged after the first round.
"I think we should perhaps reconsider the position," Blatter says. "Perhaps raise the suspension implementation from two to three cards, as in some national leagues, or come back to zero after the quarter-final."
He dismissed outright any thought of a sin-bin for, say, 10-minute suspensions during a game. "Temporary expulsion is used in junior football, for educational purposes, but is not appropriate, we think, for the senior professional game."
Blatter agrees that the principle of retrospective discipline, based on video evidence of incidents not detected by the referee, might be intensified. "The committee can impose sanctions on TV evidence, and even waive a card if thought to have been incorrect. In this tournament, videos have been inspected daily without finding cause for action. The principle has been in use since 1994."
On the suggestion that the relatively small number of referees are overworked, Blatter is emphatic that physical stress is not the problem. "They have been assessed and monitored, they have passed physical and health tests, they are looked after by physiotherapists, psychologists, by a whole group of supporting staff larger than the number of referees themselves.
"In my opinion, however, they are worked too hard between matches, studying videos and so on. Physically, they should be able to stand the pressure as readily as the players. The problem is mental, not physical. It can be resolved, I think, though the referees' situation in South Africa will be quite difficult; some will be [geographically] quite isolated. I believe they should be given days off, to be able to have time with their families like the players.
''Times change. When I first joined Fifa, the attitude among teams was 'when we go to the World Cup, we go to war'. There was no exterior contact. But habits alter. I think the schedule of the referees during the tournament should be carefully readjusted."HOW TWO could prove better than one
? The referees will operate diagonally opposite each other on the outside section of each half, overlapping where necessary into the other half, 15-20 yards inside touchline.
? This more than halves physical stress, as referees currently run up to seven miles.
? The two views of any incident from 180-degree angles eliminate the "blind side". Statistics reveal many fewer fouls because players are aware of easier detection.
? There is a huge psychological factor: players and crowd cannot be angry with two men in the way they can demonise one.
? The referee is removed from the central midfield area, where he is often in the way.
? At free kicks, each end of the free kick is controlled by one referee.
? Statistics show the ball remains in play more and players subconsciously veer away from referees on the outer edge of the field.
? Though assistant referees are retained, each referee is more often able to give instant whistle on offside decisions.
作者-北京第二外國語大學英語系王帥
責編：佟杉杉